What does Vivitrol do?

Vivitrol is a medication used to treat opioid and alcohol use disorders by blocking the effects of these substances in the brain. It contains naltrexone, an opioid antagonist that attaches to opioid receptors without activating them, preventing opioids from producing their usual effects.

For opioid use disorder, Vivitrol blocks the euphoric and sedating effects of opioids. If opioids are used while Vivitrol is active, they do not produce the expected high, which can reduce the reinforcing effects that drive repeated use. Because it does not activate opioid receptors, Vivitrol does not cause physical dependence or withdrawal when discontinued.

For alcohol use disorder, Vivitrol reduces the rewarding effects associated with drinking. Alcohol still produces intoxication, but the pleasurable reinforcement linked to opioid receptor activation is diminished, which can lower cravings and reduce the urge to continue drinking.

Vivitrol is administered as a long-acting injection, typically lasting about one month. This extended action provides consistent receptor blockade without requiring daily dosing, which can help maintain steady effects over time.

Rather than relieving withdrawal or producing calming effects, Vivitrol works by removing the payoff associated with substance use. In this way, it supports recovery by weakening the brain’s learned connection between using substances and experiencing reward, helping reduce relapse driven by reinforcement rather than physical dependence.